Assessing iranian adolescent girls' needs for sexual and reproductive health information

Purpose To explore the views and experiences of adolescent girls and key adults regarding the necessity of providing sexual and reproductive health (SRH) information and services for adolescent girls in Iran. Methods This was a qualitative study; the data were coded and categorized in content analysis by MAXQDA10 and were gathered through focus groups with adolescent girls and their mothers and semi-structured interviews with school counselors, sociologists, health providers, state and nongovernmental directors of health programs, clergy, and health policy makers in the Iranian cities of Mashhad, Tehran, Shahroud, and Qom. Results There were six main reasons for the need to provide SRH services for adolescent girls: a lack of adequate knowledge about SRH, easy access to inaccurate information sources, cultural and social changes, increasing risky sexual behaviors among adolescents, religion's emphasis on sex training of children and adolescents, and the existence of cultural taboos. Conclusions Most participants confirmed the necessity of providing SRH services for adolescent girls, so instead of talking about provision or non-provision of these services, it is important for policy makers to plan and provide SRH services that can be consistent with cultural and religious values for adolescent girls. © 2014 Society for Adolescent Health and Medicine. All rights reserved

LASEK for the correction of hyperopia with mitomycin C using SCHWIND AMARIS excimer laser: one-year follow-up

AIM: To evaluate the efficacy, safety and predictability of laser-assisted sub-epithelial keratectomy (LASEK) for the correction of hyperopia using the SCHWIND AMARIS platform. METHODS: This retrospective single-surgeon study includes 66 eyes of 33 patients with hyperopia who underwent LASEK with mitomycin C (MMC). The median age of patients was 35.42±1.12y (ranging 18 to 56y). In each patient LASEK was performed using SCHWIND AMARIS excimer laser. Postoperatively clinical outcomes were evaluated in terms of predictability, safety, efficacy, subjective and objective refractions, uncorrected visual acuity (UCVA), best spectacle-corrected visual acuity (BSCVA) and adverse events. RESULTS: The mean baseline refraction was 3.2±1.6 diopters (D) (ranging 0 to 7 D). The mean pre-operative and postoperative spherical equivalent (SE) were 2.34±1.76 (ranging -1.25 to 7 D) and 0.30±0.84 (ranging -0.2 to 0.8 D) respectively (P=0.001). The mean hyperopia was 0.63±0.84 D (ranging -1.75 to 2.76 D) 6 to 12mo postoperatively. Likewise, the mean astigmatism was 0.68±0.43 D (range 0 to 2 D) with 51 (77.3) and 15 (22.7) eyes within ±1 and ±0.50 D respectively. The safety index and efficacy index were 1.08 and 1.6 respectively. CONCLUSION: LASEK using SCHWIND AMARIS with MMC yields good visual and refractive results for hyperopia. Moreover, there were no serious complications. Copyright 2015 by the IJO Press

Artificial propagation and Culture of Rutilus frisii kutum of Autumn form for restocking

The Kutum, Rutilus frisii kutum, is one of the most important bony fishes in Iranian coastal of Caspian Sea. Its harvest range is between 9000-10000 tons in a year, nearly 60% of the income of Bony fish fishery produced by kutum fishery. The stock of this species reduced drastically in 1982 and the catch slumped to the less than 250 tons in a year. Kutum spawning grounds deterioration, illegal catch, and lack of restocking program were the main cause of the decline. This Spices in nature comprised by two distinct form, autumn and spring form. It is worth to be mentioned, by the effect of Caspian Sea Bony fishes Research Center s experts in 1983, artificial spawning and releasing the fries to the sea were commenced and the catch steadily improved. But all activities concerning restocking of kutum concentrated in spring form, as at present about 260 million its fries are released into sea for restocking by Iranian Fisheries Organization, but for above reasons and lack of restocking program, the populations of autumn form gravely shrinked and neared to be extinct. Therefore, to enhance the biodiversity and boost fishers livelihood of kutum in Caspian Sea this project implemented by cooperation of Iranian Fisheries Organization (IFRO) and Caspian Environment Program (CEP) in Aquaculture Institute (Inland Waters). In this project, brooders caught from Anzali lagoon and maintained in two different condition, include of floating cages in Anzali lagoon and earthen ponds in Sefidrud Fisheries Research Station. The results showed that there weren’t significant differences between two maintenance statuses in maturation period and other reproductive characteristics of brooders. The ratio of male to female was 1 to 1.4. Minimum and maximum weight measured 1450 to 3100 g (with average of 1850 g) in female and 670 to 1900 g (with average of 1165 g) in male, respectively. The first natural spawning of brooders occurred in the end of January in temperature of 8 till 10 °C in concrete ponds. Also, some of maintained brooders in earthen ponds spawned in February. The average number of absolute, function and relative fecundity determined 88565 16809, 73805 14008 and 48670 12056, respectively. For artificial spawning, male and female brooders injected by pituitary gland with dose of 2-3 and 4-5 mg/kg body weight, respectively. Approximately, 10 and 8 present of female were over-ripe and immature in March (artificial spawning time), respectively. More than 59 % of injected female brooders induced to spawning in first stage after 10-12 hours and 13 % of them in twice stage and 7-8 hours after first stage. And also, 27.6% of females didn’t positive response to injection. Dry method used for eggs fecundity and incubation period lasted 7- 10 days in 14-16 °C. In totally, eggs fertilization were more than 95% and the average of eggs fertilization percent in throughout of period measured more than 92.7 6 %. Eyed eggs appearance occurred 3 days after fecundity and its mean was 92.7 15.1%. Larvae after yolk sac absorption feed with dry milk for 4-5 days and then introduced into fertilized earthen ponds (500 m2 and equipped to aerators) in intensive condition and fed with micro pellet food for 3-4 month. In finally, more than 1.8 million fries of 1-2 g and some more than 5 g produced and released into Anzali lagoon to its restocking for first time. It is expected that continuing of restocking process of autumn form kutum by Iranian Fisheries Organization eventuate to population increasing of this form in Caspian Sea in future

An investigation effect of seaweeds as shrimp -feed ingredient for growth performance of Litopenaeus vannamei

In this project, the nutritional effects of Sargassum illicifolium Chabahar bay-Oman Sea, on growth and survival rates of whiteleg shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei) were studied. The seaweed collected from 6 coastal area, rinsed, dried, powdered and measured the nutritional values in laboratory for surveying statistically. According to the high nutritional value of Tis coastal seaweed, this variate seaweed powder, replaced with protein resources (fish meal and Soy and Wheat) of whiteleg shrimp feed which was formulated by Havorash feed factory of Boshehr in four treatments (A: as control without any replacement) B: with 5%, C: 10 % and D: 15% seaweed replacement, each with three replicates in order to obtain isonitrogenus 33% CP., and Isocaloric (13% fat and 15% carbohydrate) feed. The weighed milled ingredients were carefully mixed using a laboratory food mixer. The mixtures were primed with 30% hot water to yield a suitable pulp. Wet diets were made into 2 mm pellet size and dried at 40 °C in a drying cabinet and maintained in standard condition which was used according to daily need shrimp, calculated by each 10 days biometry. Water stability and absorbtion capacity of the pellets in sea water were measured and compared statistically. Juvenile shrimps (Initial body weight =3 g) brought from Jask hatchery, acclimazed for one week in Chabahar hatchery condition and feeding daily 3-5% body weight. Abiotical parameters and weight and length biometrics were measured two days and 10 days, respectively. After 45 days and final biometry, FCR, CF, SGR, caracas analysis, muscle colourimetery with HPLC were done, tasted with pp Plot for determining the parametric data and statistically differences using one – way ANOVA, Duncan test of SPSS software. The Tis coastal seaweed with 9.8% CP, 2% lipid and 23% carbohydrate had higher nutritional value compared to the other gathered seaweed. Also amino acid and fatty acid profiles, vitamins and minerals were measured in all seaweed samples each, with three replications. As result, the water stability of D feed treatment in seawater (98%) and C (97%) had statistical differences with A and B (95% stability) (P0.05) but Cholestrol content of, showed differences between all, significantly (P<0.05) which was the highest (121.68±12.12) in D and the lowest in A (147.92±11.02). Feed treatment D and C performed colour changes pink partial orang and pink in shrimp muscle with no any difference compared to white and none colour in shrimp were fed B and A feed treatments . It seems this colour changing can be playing a major role in market acceptability

Reproductive maturation of sub adult Indian carps in earthen ponds

Carp culture in extensive and semi-extensive systems: i.e., earthen ponds, natural and semi-natural water resources, reservoirs and the paddy field has widspred distribution. Indian major carps including Catla (Catla catla), Roho (Labeo rohita), Mrigal (Cirrhinus mirgala) which have faster growth and good feed value than other warm water fishes introduced to many countries including India, Thailand, Burma, Philippines, Japan and the former Soviet Union are also considered and are reared. Sex steroids are important in the control of reproduction in fish. Development of methods for Indian education programs for proliferation requires knowledge of the hormonal changes during sexual maturation and spawning is. Testosterone, progesterone and 17 ϐ-estradiol are steroid hormones that play an important role in controlling Tuesday reproduction and sexual maturity of the fish are. This study aimed to investigate the changes in steroid hormones testosterone and 17 beta-estradiol including Catla (Catla catla), Roho (Labeo rohita), Mrigal (Cirrhinus mirgala) were conducted in different seasons. 40 specimen of carps breeders were investigated in southern (Aquaculture Research Institute) and north (North Aquaculture Research Institute) of Iran and maintained in different seasons (spring, summer, autumn, winter). Fish were caught by netting vetch and spring 1 cm. Blood samples were collected from the fish caudal blood serum by centrifugal separation model Labofuga 200 was made in Germany. Testosterone, and estradiol RIA (Radioimmunoassy) using an automatic gamma counter LKB model made in Finland made in France using the Immunotech kit hormone were measured. The results showed that the average level of 17 betaestradiol in the female in the spring, summer, autumn and winter, respectively, 82/12 ± 75/107, 66/13 ± 2/80, 73/17 ± 8/122 and 72/17 ± 25/104 ml, respectively. Mean testosterone levels in the female in the spring, summer, autumn and winter, respectively, 004/0 ± 092/0, 002/0 ± 05/0, 003/0 ± 11/0 and 006/0 ± 1/0 ng ml, respectively. Overall, the highest levels of 17 beta-estradiol and testosterone in female Roho were recorded in autumn. Also, low levels of 17 beta-estradiol and testosterone in female Roho was observed in summer. Highest and lowest levels of the male hormone, respectively, were recorded in winter and spring. The relationship between the hormone 17 beta-estradiol and testosterone with environmental factors such as pH and dissolved oxygen were discussed. there was a positive correlation between testosterone levels in males only the amount of dissolved oxygen .results revieled that sex hormone levels were increased during winter and autumn would be the signe for reproductive performance and spawning seasone in three species

Study and relocation of corals in developing area of Shahid Beheshty port, Chabahar

The conservation of coral colonies is very vital for marine organisms and human. In Chabahar Bay, the coral reefs are in danger of destruction due to the development program of Shahid Beheshti Port. In this project, over 30,000 hard corals were transported to coast of Hotel Lipar an area at a distance of 3.5-4 kms far from Shahid Beheshti Port. Also, the new techniques were used for coral reattachment and transportation. The operation has done within expert divers and consultancy of Prof. Dr. Maikle Risk. Four methods performance as pailots. Since the corals are very sensitive to turbidity and suspended sediments from land reclamation and dredging projects, therefore appropriate measures should be conducted for conservation and recovery of them.37 patches in size 5×10 meters has built with concerete. Diffent sizes of corals were separated by mechanical tools and transported to new sites and reattachment on artificial sea bottom.Three monthes after the last reattachments monitored showed that %96.93 of corals were in good health. This success was the important achievement because of innovating coral carrier and mass coral relocation. At present, the coral relocation is suggested as a good method for recovery of coral reefs after a disturbance in condition of their native habitats

Review of management and monitoring of two crop shrimp production of Indian white shrimp Fenneropenaeus indicus in intensive culture system in Guatr Shrimp Farm, Sistan & Baloochestan Province

In line with the implementation of two Crop shrimp culture in year in Gwater shrimp Farming Site credits UNDP aims to increase production of crops per year, reducing the days of culture in the second crop using the nursery pond, control feed conversion ratio (FCR) and production management, Farming of Indian white Shrimp P.indicus in 4 private farm was done in 2008. Surveillance and monitoring of these farms, the possible obstacles to the harmful effects of management strengths and weaknesses and develop in the future was done in corporation of Offshore Fisheries Research Center of Chabahar and fisheries of Sistan and Balouchestan. First crop was successful, but the shrimp of Nursery pond and second crop due to the occurrence of white spot disease (WSSV) disease and casualties were died and did not actually do the work. The average minimum and maximum feed conversion in Culture period 1.46 and 1.96 respectively, in C2 _31 and C2 _ 14 farms were observed. Maximum production was 41,376 kg in farm C2 _31. The rainfall on 14 August severe flooding and water supplying cussed suddenly fall down of Inland channel water salinity at day 16-20 the August to 4-5 PPT and the PH go up to 8.8-9. After 2 days the white spot disease in South of site was confirmed and was transferred immediately to the north of site. (The pilots farm) The important thing was that the farm under two crop system as a last resort so that all First crop harvest but shrimp in Nursery pond were infected and with veterinary supervision of all infected ponds were then killed. The results showed that shrimp farming can be done in two periods in year with a predetermined .In this study the only factor that could have adverse effects on the project was Feed supply problems during the growing period and the consequences that it caused low average body weight and final harvested Shrimp resulted to delay in daily growth

An Epidemiological Study on Scorpion Stings in Lordegan County, south-west of Iran

Scorpion sting is a common important health problem in south-west of Iran. The present descriptive retrospective study was conducted to make new information on scorpionism in the Lordegan County(2002-2006). Data collected in this study revealed that the highest incidence of scorpion sting cases was taken place in spring (49.72%) in 2006. The scorpions which have brought by the pateints to the Lordegan health centre, were identified as Androctonus crassicauda, Hemiscorpius lepturus, Mesobuthus eupeus, Compsobuthus sp. and Scorpio maurus. The epidemiology data suggest injection antivenin of scorpions to the victims as a good way to reduce the scorpion mortalities and injuries in this area

Serum vitamin D level may be associated with body weight and body composition in male adolescents � a longitudinal study

Introduction: The prevalence of both obesity and vitamin D deficiency has been dramatically increased worldwide. Aim of the study: This study aimed to investigate the association between vitamin D serum level and anthropometric indices of overweight and obese male adolescents at baseline and after 18 weeks of a weight reduction intervention. Methods: This study was carried out on 90 male students aged 12 to 16 years who were randomly selected from two schools in Tehran, Iran. The participants were assigned to two groups with high and low vitamin D level based on their serum vitamin D levels at baseline. Five ml blood samples were collected at the baseline and after the 18 weeks of a weight reduction intervention. Height, weight, body mass index (BMI), body fat percent and body muscle percent were measured using a bio impedance analysis (BIA) scale. Results: Vitamin D level in non-obese adolescents was significantly higher than the obese participants (44.01 vs 37.67 ng/dl, p < 0.04). However, there was no significant correlation between changes of vitamin D level and anthropometric measurements after 18 weeks. Adjusting the effect of age did not alter the association. Further adjustments for physical activity, dietary intake of vitamin D, and fat and muscle percentage had no effect on the results. Conclusion: The serum level of vitamin D was negatively associated with obesity, but not with short-term changes of anthropometric measurements in male adolescents. © Copyright by PTEiDD 2020